Indians, Fire, and the Land in the Pacific Northwest Native Groundcovers & Ferns Ripening Time: Late July –

Ripening Time: Late July – early August

Heat scale: 3

and tomatoes and melons to enhance their disease resistance

Ribes cereum grows in several types of habitat

Pests & Diseases: Autumn Olive is not bothered by pests or diseases

Indians, Fire, and the Land in the Pacific Northwest Native Groundcovers & Ferns Ripening Time: Late July –Instead of discovering a land blanketed by dense forests, early explorers of the Pacific Northwest encountered a varied landscape including open woods, meadows, and prairies. Far from a pristine wilderness, much of the Northwest was actively managed and shaped by the hands of its Native American inhabitants. Their primary tool was fire. This volume takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of the most important issues concerning Native Americans and